Rare Breeds Survival Trust Watch List
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The Watch list of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust is a listing of rare and native United Kingdom breeds of domestic cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, goats and poultry, compiled by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.[1]
The other native breeds listed were the Aberdeen Angus, Ayrshire, Beef Shorthorn, Belted Galloway, Devon, Galloway, Guernsey, Hereford, Highland, Jersey, Lincoln Red, Longhorn, Luing, Red Poll, Shorthorn, South Devon, Sussex and Welsh Black. The Irish Kerry breed was also considered part of the agricultural heritage of the United Kingdom.[4]
The other native breeds listed were the Badger Face Welsh Mountain, Beulah Speckled Face, Black Welsh Mountain, Scottish Blackface, Bluefaced Leicester, Brecknock Hill Cheviot, Clun Forest, Dalesbred, Exmoor Horn, Hampshire Down, Hebridean, Herdwick, Jacob, Kerry Hill, Llandovery Whiteface Hill, Lleyn, Lonk, North Country Cheviot, Romney, Rough Fell, Ryeland, Shetland, Shropshire, Southdown, South Country Cheviot, South Wales Mountain, Suffolk, Swaledale, Welsh Hill Speckled, Welsh Mountain and Wiltshire Horn. The Irish Galway breed was also listed.[4]
The UK has 11 native pig breeds, all 11 are considered rare and at risk of extinction. Use the filters below to see which breeds are the rarest and click on the photos to learn more about the UK's rare pig breeds.
Large White pigs: Large White pigs are moving to the highest priority level on the watchlist. The breed used to be hugely popular and was used to develop lots of commercial breeds. According to the British Pig Association, almost every pork joint in the supermarket today will have some degree of Large White in its genetic makeup. In 1954 the number of licensed boars recorded was 16,751, which represented 76% of the total male pig population. Data from the BPA shows just 66 boars recorded in 2021.
However, the Watchlist also shows that there remain a significant number of Priority breeds where the outlook is of particular concern, with ongoing trends of very low populations as well as lack of genetic diversity. These breeds include:
RBST Chief Executive Christopher Price says: Farming with rare and native breeds has become increasingly attractive over the past few years, as consumers place a premium on great tasting, locally sourced meat that is kind to the natural environmental and based around high standards of animal welfare. At the same time, we have seen Government policy starting to reflect the value of our native breeds to maintaining our natural environment and promoting biodiversity.
The new Watchlist more clearly shows a number of breeds which are At Risk but with an improving outlook for their survival well into the future, including Traditional Hereford cattle and British White cattle, Oxford Sandy and Black pigs, New Forest ponies, Bagot goats and Golden Guernsey goats, Leicester Longwool sheep, Boreray sheep and Greyface Dartmoor sheep. However, there are breeds in all our livestock and equine categories which remain a Priority and we are working closely with Breed Societies and RBST-accredited farm parks to improve their position with vital conservation programmes.
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) recommends a minimum effective population size (Ne) of at least 50 individuals to reduce the rate of inbreeding to less than 1% and ensure the long-term survival of a breed. Figure C9ai shows that, on average, all five species have Ne greater than 50. However, examination of the data for the individual breeds reveals (Figure C9aii) that there are a small number of breeds with Ne less than or equal to 50 in many years. The breeds which are represented in Figure C9aii may change from year to year; see the downloadable datasheet for details. In 2020, one breed of goat (Old English Goats), four breeds of horse (British Percheron/Percheron, Cleveland Bay Horse, Eriskay Pony, and Suffolk Punch), one breed of sheep (Devon and Cornwall Longwool) and two breeds of cattle (Northern Dairy Shorthorn and Vaynol), had an Ne less than or equal to 50. No breeds of pig had effective population sizes below the threshold in 2020.
In 2021, the FAnGR Committee took the decision to merge four breeds of NBAR cattle (Aberdeen Angus (Original Population); British Friesian (Original); Dairy Shorthorn (Original Population); and Hereford Traditional / Original) with their associated larger non-NBAR populations. This was to ensure there was no duplication of data for these breeds. It was determined that the merging of these breeds was only for the purpose of the national inventory, should be applied to the entire indicator data series, and does not represent removal of these breeds from the BAR or NBAR lists. Furthermore, in the 2021 Breed Inventory, the NBAR sheep breed, Badger Face Welsh (Torddu and Torwen), has been split into two separate breeds (Badger Face Welsh (Torddu) and Badger Face Welsh (Torwen)). The original combined version has been removed, and the two split breeds added to the indicator. As a consequence of these changes to cattle and sheep, the entire data series has been recalculated and the 2021 version of the indicator is not directly comparable with previously published versions. Please refer to the technical background document for further details. These are also documented in the Breed Inventory Results (Excel datasheet) published on 23 June 2021: -farm-animal-genetic-resources-fangr-breed-inventory-results.
Genetic diversity is an important component of biodiversity. The UK genetic diversity indicator focuses on the diversity of Native Breeds at Risk of a number of farm animal species (cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs). Genetic diversity in livestock breeds is important for a number of reasons. Aside from their cultural importance, local adaptation and links to breed-specific products, native or rare livestock breeds provide a resource from which to develop new breeds or improve existing breeds.UK farm animal genetic resource is a key asset in economic, environmental, social and cultural terms. Native breeds of farm animals are often associated with traditional land management required to conserve important habitats. The indicator is also relevant to the commitments on conservation of native breeds in the UK National Action Plan on Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR).
Defra and the Farm Animal Genetic Resources Committee will continue to monitor populations of UK livestock breeds regularly; the list of Breeds considered to be at Risk is kept under annual review using the monitoring data collected, with Breeds at risk potentially eligible for protection in an outbreak of an exotic disease (within the constraints of controlling the disease).
The Rare Breeds Survival Trust is a conservation charity whose purpose is to secure the continued existence and viability of native farm animals of the United Kingdom. It was founded in 1973 and since then, no UK-native breed has become extinct. Amongst many other things, the RBST maintains a watch list of rare native breeds of cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, goats and poultry.
To compile the watchlist, numbers of fully-registered UK females are provided annually by breed societies. An average of these data over a rolling three-year period is then calculated and a species specific multiplier is applied to convert these figures to the number of breeding females. The methodology is applied to sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and equines. Other factors such as genetic or geographic vulnerability need to be taken into account.
We have worked continuously for over 40 years to preserve native breeds of livestock and are proud that no breed has been lost since 1973, but the figures behind the 2015 watchlist do not make for comfortable reading.
Breeds which have seen significant declines in their populations from 2014 are the Northern Dairy Shorthorn, Original Population Dairy Shorthorn and the Vaynol. Smaller decreases in the past year were also noted for less rare breeds such as the Shetland, White Park and British White.
Equines Described as a species in crisis in the 2015 Watchlist report, equines on the whole continue to struggle. The exceptions are the Cleveland Bay, Clydesdale and Suffolk, all breeds which have seen increased registrations and breeding populations compared to the previous year.
In a rare reversal of fortune, turkeys are getting a Christmas present. Britain's 10 turkey breeds are to be placed on the Rare Breeds Survival Trust's (RBST) watchlist, and the charity plans to create a watchlist for native breeds of ducks and geese as well next year. The idea is to promote the pure-bred turkey as a useful fowl for smallholders, and not just a bird to rear for Christmas. \u2018Until now, we've only had certain breeds of chickens on the watchlist, but we've realised that we need to keep a record of other pure-bred fowl for genetic purposes,' says the RBST's conservation officer, Clare Barber. \u2018We don't know actual numbers of the different breeds, as that's impossible to gauge with fowl, but we are getting anecdotal evidence that certain breeds are hard to source and that the numbers turning up at poultry shows are low.'\n\nMost commercially reared turkeys are hybrids and don't mate naturally, so are produced by artificial insemination. They also need 14 hours of daylight to lay eggs, which is why it's better to plan to have a turkey from May, rather than July or August, as with commercial turkeys. Their attractively speckled eggs are larger than a chicken's but not as rich as a duck's, and may be found in some branches of Waitrose. \u2018I used to keep them myself, which people thought was odd, but they're fun to have around and great characters,' says Miss Barber, who has even trained turkeys to recognise coloured lights for research. \u2018People think they're thick, but you just have to be patient.' COUNTRY LIFE columnist Carla Carlisle is also fond of her Norfolk Black turkeys, which featured in the report on her garden at Wyken Fen (November 23): \u2018You should not underestimate the intelligence of birds,' she says.\n","url":"https:\/\/www.countrylife.co.uk\/news\/a-turkey-is-for-life-not-just-for-christmas-15042","thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/keyassets.timeincuk.net\/inspirewp\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2011\/12\/turkeys.gif","image":"https:\/\/keyassets.timeincuk.net\/inspirewp\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2011\/12\/turkeys.gif","dateCreated":"2011-12-01T10:46:00+00:00","datePublished":"2011-12-01T10:46:00+00:00","dateModified":"2014-06-12T10:07:53+00:00","articleSection":"Country Life","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Country Life"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Country Life","logo":{"@type":"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/keyassets.timeincuk.net\/inspirewp\/live\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2019\/01\/countrylife-google-logo.png"}},"mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.countrylife.co.uk\/news\/a-turkey-is-for-life-not-just-for-christmas-15042"},"keywords":["Country Life","News"]}!function(n,e,i){if(!n){n=n||{},window.permutive=n,n.q=[],n.config=i||{},n.config.apiKey=e,n.config.environment=n.config.environment||"production";for(var o=["addon","identify","track","trigger","query","segment","segments","ready","on","once","user","consent"],r=0;r 2b1af7f3a8